Thyroid gland Thyroid analysis - hypothyroidism - types - normal ratios
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Thyroid gland
Thyroid is one of the endocrine glands in the body. It is responsible for the production of hormones that control the metabolism and metabolism in the body. Any defect in the secretion of hormones from this gland requires special analyses to identify the type of defect and the rate of secreted hormones.
Where is my thyroid gland
The thyroid gland takes the shape of a butterfly on both sides of the trachea. It consists of two lobes, right and left, connected by a ligament of tissue called the isthmus. The thyroid gland weighs 25 grams in an adult, and each lobe is 5 cm long, 3 cm wide, and 2 cm thick. The gland is usually larger in women than in men, and the gland may increase in size during pregnancy. This gland is located in the anterior part of the neck, adjacent to the trachea.
What are thyroid hormones
What does the thyroid gland do?
Thyroid hormones are responsible for the development and maintenance of the various organ systems and tissues in the body. Thyroid hormones have a large impact on the metabolic rate, which is the rate of energy utilization in the cells.
Two hormones that contain iodine. Thyroid hormones affect the metabolic rate and protein synthesis in the body. They also affect the growth and physical and mental development of children, in addition to very important metabolic and physiological processes.
While calcitonin plays an important role in balancing the calcium level inside the body. The secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which is produced by the pituitary gland (its frontal lobe).
Regulating the level of thyroid hormones
The production and secretion of thyroxine occurs under the influence of the hypothalamus in the brain, which secretes the hormone TRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete thyroxin.
Whenever there is a decrease in thyroxine in the blood, the secretion of these hormones TSH increases, and vice versa, if its quantity in the blood increases, the secretion of these hormones decreases.
Through the results of the gland analysis and TSH analysis, the person's health status is known.
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Thyroid hormones
1. Thyroxin:
The presence of iodine is necessary for the formation of this hormone. This hormone has many effects on many parts of the body, including, but not limited to: the growth and development of mental and physical forces - affects and controls the basic metabolic rate (basal) and controls it - stimulates the absorption of monosaccharides from the digestive tract Maintains the integrity of the skin and hair
2. Calcitonin:
Which works to reduce the proportion of calcium in the blood and prevents its withdrawal (absorption) from the bones
What are the most common symptoms symptoms and problems of the thyroid gland?
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) - not enough thyroxine is produced for the body’s needs.
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) - too much thyroxine is produced for the body’s needs.
- Hypothyroidism is the most common disorder.
Thyroid disorders are often caused by a number of different factors. The most common cause of a thyroid disorder is autoimmune thyroid disease – a self-destructive process in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the thyroid gland. Other causes of thyroid disorders include genetic disorders, infections, and exposure to toxic chemicals. Thyroid disorders may also be the result of a tumor or other type of growth on the thyroid gland, which is often detected by a special scan.
- Hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid hormone secretion) leads to an enlarged thyroid gland called simple hyperplasia.
Simple Goiter
It is caused by a lack of thyroxine secretion due to a lack of iodine in food, water, and air.
Exophthalmic enlargement of the thyroid gland
The reason: It is caused by the excessive secretion of the hormone thyroxine
Symptoms - Symptoms of goiter and swollen heartbeat - Increase in heart rate - Nervous irritation
Treatment: 1- Removing part of the thyroid gland 2- Treating hypertrophy with other medical compounds
Thyroid disease, also known as thyroid disorders, can affect anyone — men, women, infants, teenagers and the elderly. It can be present at birth (typically hypothyroidism) and it can develop as you age (often after menopause in women). Thyroid disease occurs when the gland that produces thyroid hormones becomes diseased or fails to produce enough of these hormones. It is the most common endocrine gland disorder.
Thyroid disease is very common, with an estimated 20 million people in the United States having some type of thyroid disorder. A woman is about five to eight times more likely to be diagnosed with a thyroid disorder than a man. The most common type of thyroid disorder is hypothyroidism, or low thyroid, which is caused by an underactive thyroid gland. In about 5% of cases, the thyroid gland is overactive (hyperthyroidism), producing too much thyroid hormone.
You may be at a higher risk of developing a thyroid disease if you:
- Have a family history of thyroid disease.
- Have a medical condition ( pernicious anemia, type 1 diabetes, primary adrenal insufficiency, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Turner syndrome).
- Take a medication that’s high in iodine (amiodarone).
- Are older than 60, especially in women.
- Have had treatment for a past thyroid condition or cancer (thyroidectomy or radiation).
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