مراجعة هامة جدا و شاملة علي التكاثر في الإنسان

 تحميل مذكرة أحياء لغات  biolody اولى ثانوى شرح و أسئلة منهج جديد2021

The human body

consists of a group of systems,
each system consists of a group of
each system consists of a group of organs (The organ level)
each organ consists of group of
each organ consists of group of tissues (The tissue level)
each tissue consists of a group of
each tissue consists of a group of cells (The cell level)
each cell consists of a group of
each cell consists of a group of organelles (The organelle level)
each organelle consists of a group of
each organelle consists of a group of molecules (The chemical level)
each tissue consists of a group of
each tissue consists of a group of atoms.

Organic compounds - They are large molecules. - Mainly contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms. - May contain other elements, such as oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N). - They are called biological macro-molecules. Examples: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Inorganic compounds They are molecules that don´t contain carbon (atoms) Examples: Water (H2O) and mineral salts (e.g. NaCl) Water (H2O) and mineral salts (e.g. NaCl) Water (H2O) and mineral salts (e.g. NaCl)

Biological macro-molecules (Polymers)

Definition:
They are large-sized compounds formed by smaller molecules (monomers) combined together through polymerization process.

Role of monosaccharides in energy transferring processes inside the cells:
- Oxidation of glucose occurs inside mitochondria.
- The energy that is stored in chemical bonds of glucose is released to be stored in a
ATP molecule (compound called adenosine triphosphate).
- ATP is then transferred to other places in the cell to use the stored energy in it for
performing all vital processes inside the cell.

Importance of proteins

1- They are contributed in the biochemical processes that keep the life and its
continuityas they are involved in the structure of enzymes
and several hormones that stimulate and organize all vital processes in the body.
2- They are the the structural building units for all the living organismas, where they are
involved in the structur and function of all living cell, where:
1- They are one of the basic components of the
2- They are the the structural building units for all the living organismas, where they are
involved in the structur and function of all living cell, where:
1- They are one of the basic components of the cell membranes and chromosomes.
2- They form the muscles, ligaments, tendons, organs, glands, nails, hairs and skin.
3- They are involved in the structure of many body fluids, such as blood and lymph.
4- They are necessary for
4- They are necessary for body growth

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