Chemical structure of living organisms' bodies(Carbohydrates and Lipids)
Cells of living organisms consist of organic molecules and inorganic
Organic molecules in living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are big molecules containing hydrogen and carbon basically Such big biological molecules are also known as "Biological macromolecules"nucleic acids. They are big molecules containing hydrogen and carbon basically Such big biological molecules are also known as "Biological macromolecules" nucleic acids. They are big molecules containing hydrogen and carbon basically Such big biological molecules are also known as "Biological macromolecules" nucleic acids. They are big molecules containing hydrogen and carbon basically Such big biological molecules are also known as "Biological macromolecules"
Inorganic molecules in living organisms are water and salts, which may
contain carbon or not.
They are huge biological molecules composed of smaller molecules called
monomers. Biological macromolecules are also called Polymers
Monomers bind together forming polymers by a polymerization process
They are biological macromolecules which consist of hydrogen, oxygen and
carbon. They include sugars, fibres and starches and their general formula is
(CH carbon. They include sugars, fibres and starches and their general formula is (CH carbon. They include sugars, fibres and starches and their general formula is (CH2O)n (which means that they consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen at ratio 1:2:1 respectively)
The importance of carbohydrates -:
1- The main and quickest source of energy in living organisms
2- They are used in storing energy in living organisms till they need it, as plants store carbohydrates in the form of starch, whereas animals and humans store them in the form of Glycogen in liver and muscles
3- The basic component of some parts of cell such as cellulose in the cell walls of plant cells, protoplasm and cellular membranes
The molecular structure of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are divided according to their structures into:-
Simple sugars:-
A Simple sugar whose polymers consist of only one molecule is called
Monosaccharide while that which consist of 2 molecules is called Disaccharides
Common properties of simple sugars -:
1- Soluble in water
2- They have small molecular weights
3- They have sweet tastes
We studied before that living organisms' bodies consist of:-
Systems Organs Tissues Cells Cellular organelles
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